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Abstract

Femtoliter to milliliter volumes of one or a plurality of different liquids are accurately transported, dispensed and/or treated where the fluids are energized purely electrokinetically or in a hybrid mode where auxiliary coordinated energy sources including but not limited to pneumatic, piezoelectric; peristaltic; ultrasonic; thermal; gravitational, acoustic are employed concurrently or sequentially to transport liquids for various purposes from diverse devices to targets of all types being made of a conductive, non-conductive or semiconductive materials. Liquids in nested Gaussian surfaces or common liquid handling devices (e.g., syringes, pipettes, pumps) or more complicated devices (Nanoscreen's syringes or Roche's polypipetter) can be energized by use of one source of energy and also by electric induction or conduction of lumen or targets or both and are optionally concurrently or sequentially combined with non electrical energy to effect highly accurate volumetric and spatial liquid transport with active or passive flight direction yielding non touch or touch liquid sample placement, parallel dispensing, with or without filtration, SPE, LC, or other treatment technologies and for scientific instrument introduction for IBF, MALD, DESI, DART and other sample introduction and for drug delivery, diagnostics, manufacturing of products, product tagging, sample preparation or related applications.

First Claim