Quantum-state-generating apparatus, Bell measurement apparatus, quantum gate apparatus, and method for evaluating fidelity of quantum gate
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United States of America Patent
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Feb 20, 2007
Grant Date -
Jun 23, 2005
app pub date -
Mar 29, 2004
filing date -
Apr 1, 2003
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Abstract
An apparatus for generating a quantum state of a two-qubit system including two qubits, each qubit being represented by a particle which invariably travels through one of two paths, includes a quantum gate composed of an interferometer for implementing an-interaction-free measurement. The apparatus receives two particles having no correlation and generates a Bell state with asymptotic probability 1. A Bell measurement of a state of a two-qubit system is performed by observing a quantum gate composed of the interferometer after the quantum gate has processed the state and selecting the state from the Bell bases. An approximate fidelity of a quantum gate composed of the interferometer is calculated, if an absorption probability with which a first particle absorbs a second particle in the interferometer is less than 1, under the condition that the number of times the second particle hits beam splitters in the interferometer is sufficiently large.
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