A digital low pass filter for producing an output value given a target value includes a memory which stores a scaling factor, a previous output value, a previous intermediate value, and the target value; the difference between the target value and the previous output value is evaluated, and then multiplied by the scaling factor to produce an intermediate value; the previous intermediate value is multiplied by the scaling factor minus unity; the output value is evaluated by summing the previous output value, twice the intermediate value, and the previous intermediate value multiplied by the scaling factor minus unity; the output value is then stored in memory as the previous output value, and the intermediate value as the previous intermediate value, such that the filter provides a second-order response but requires fewer hardware multipliers than the direct form implementation of a second-order filter.

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