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Abstract

An electrode comprising a space group Pna2₁ VOPO₄ lattice, capable of electrochemical insertion and release of alkali metal ions, e.g., sodium ions. The VOPO₄ lattice may be formed by solid phase synthesis of KVOPO₄, milled with carbon particles to increase conductivity. A method of forming an electrode is provided, comprising milling a mixture of ammonium metavanadate, ammonium phosphate monobasic, and potassium carbonate; heating the milled mixture to a reaction temperature, and holding the reaction temperature until a solid phase synthesis of KVOPO₄ occurs; milling the KVOPO₄ together with conductive particles to form a conductive mixture of fine particles; and adding binder material to form a conductive cathode. A sodium ion battery is provided having a conductive NaVOPO₄ cathode derived by replacement of potassium in KVOPO₄, a sodium ion donor anode, and a sodium ion transport electrolyte. The VOPO₄, preferably has a volume greater than 90 ų per VOPO₄.

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First Claim