ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
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United States of America Patent
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Issued Date -
Jan 4, 2024
app pub date -
Jun 23, 2023
filing date -
Jul 4, 2022
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Abstract
The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer containing a binder resin, electroconductive particles, and insulating particles, wherein when a volume resistivity of the insulating particles is represented by R1 [Ω·cm], a volume resistivity of the electroconductive particles is represented by R2 [Ω·cm], a ratio of an area of the insulating particles that are exposed to a total area of the surface layer is represented by S1 [%], a ratio of an area of the electroconductive particles that are exposed to the total area of the surface layer is represented by S2 [%], an average exposed height of the insulating particles exposed to a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is represented by L1 [nm], and an average exposed height of the electroconductive particles exposed to the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is represented by L2 [nm], those parameters satisfy specific relational formulae.
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