ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
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United States of America Patent
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Issued Date -
Apr 13, 2023
app pub date -
Sep 28, 2022
filing date -
Oct 8, 2021
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Abstract
Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including an electroconductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protection layer, wherein the protection layer comprises an electroconductive particle, the electroconductive particle has a surface comprising a metal oxide containing a titanium atom and a niobium atom, an atomic concentration ratio of the niobium atom to the titanium atom in the metal oxide is 0.01 to 0.20, the electroconductive particle is surface-treated with a compound having a silicon atom, a content ratio of the electroconductive particle in the protection layer is 5 vol % or more and less than 40 vol % with respect to a total volume of the protection layer, and relative concentrations of a plurality of atoms at a surface of the protection layer, which are determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, satisfy specific conditions.
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