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Abstract

Electrode (24) for an electrical energy storage device, which electrode (24) comprises an electrode active material layer (10) containing a plurality of particles of modified electrode active material comprising amorphous or crystalline, micro- or nano-sized stoichiometric or non-stochiometric silicon nitride each having a chemical formula of SiNx whereby 0 to 30% of said particles (12) contain one or more modifying elements selected from the group: phosphorus (P), boron (B), carbon (C), oxygen (O), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), arsenic (As), tin (Sn), magnesium (Mg), aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), germanium (Ge) or antimony (Sb), and arranged in a conductive electrode matrix (14) so as to exhibit at least one of the following: a) a chemical composition gradient, whereby the nitrogen content within the particles (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the electrode active material layer (10), and/or b) a particle size gradient, whereby the average particle size of the particles of modified electrode active material (12) increases or decreases with distance from a surface (16) of the modified electrode active material (10) and/or c) a chemical composition gradient, whereby said modifying element content changes through the thickness of the modified electrode active material (10).

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