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Abstract

The present application provides a switchable forward osmosis system, and processes thereof. In particular, this application provides a process for treating an aqueous feed stream, comprising: forward osmosis using an aqueous draw solution having a draw solute concentration of ≥20 wt %, the draw solute comprising ionized trimethylamine and a counter ion; wherein, the feed stream: (i) comprises ≥5 wt % total dissolved solids; (ii) is at a temperature of ≤20° C.; (iii) is at a temperature between ≥30° C.-≤60° C.; (iv) has an acidic pH or a basic pH; (v) comprises organic content; (vi) comprises suspended solids; (vii) or any combination of two or more of i)-v). Also provided herein are the related system and draw solution for performing the process, and various uses thereof for treating typically difficult to dewater feed streams.

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First Claim