COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR USING TRANSFER RNA FRAGMENTS AS BIOMARKERS FOR CANCER
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United States of America Patent
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Jul 23, 2015
app pub date -
Aug 20, 2013
filing date -
Aug 20, 2012
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Analysis of over 50 short RNA libraries revealed that tRFs are present in all human cell lines and exist in mice, flies, worms, and yeasts. Specific tRNA genes yield tRFs generated by cleavage at sites conserved across different cells within a species, and all three potential tRFs from a given tRNA gene were not always present or equally abundant. tRF-1 and -3 were highly abundant in the cytoplasm, while tRF-5 were mostly in the nucleus. tRF-5 and -3 were found in adult mouse tissues, tRF-1 were relatively rare in adult tissues but in greater amounts in mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells. Several tRF-1 sequences were conserved between mice and humans and expression was tissue-specific. tRFs are shown to be markers for cancer. For example greater amounts of tRF-1 were found in B cell malignancies compared to normal B cell, and tRF-5 and -3 were at higher levels in lung cancer compared to normal lung.
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