Importance

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Abstract

Embodiments of the invention are directed to an atomic-based frequency reference that includes an architecture that eliminates the need for local oscillator components and instead is implemented with a “photonic local oscillator,” that provides for a relatively low power consumption, compact, atomic clock/frequency reference. Such a system is based on a laser cavity which contains an alkali-vapor-cell within the laser cavity. The laser cavity is designed to oscillate in two or more optical wavelengths, with the frequency difference of these lasing wavelengths equal to the atomic hyperfine resonance frequency. Embodiments of the system can include relatively few elements, namely: a) an optical gain element with an emission band centered at the atomic absorption band; b) collimating optics; c) an atomic vapor cell; and d) a cavity end mirror. Optionally, specific polarization optics may be used depending on the specifics of the optical pumping.

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First Claim