Importance

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Abstract

Reactors with a dynamic compression elements that control the catalyst bed structure and hydrodynamic conditions inside the reactor in response to physical and structural changes in the catalyst bed, and methods of operating catalytic reactors are provided. The reactors are adjustable and/or can self-adjust in response to changes in the packing of the catalyst bed due, for example, to the attrition of the catalyst. The catalyst reactor designs improve operation of fixed bed reactors and enable the use of a variety of catalysts and supports, including materials that would not typically be considered for use in fixed bed reactors, such as those with limited durability or with moderate mechanical strength.

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First Claim