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Abstract

Provided herein are integrated biomass combustion-carbonation gas conditioning systems to directly sequester carbon dioxide from biomass-derived CO₂-containing flue gas. The CO₂ is sequestered by mineral carbonation in concrete materials within a carbonation reactor. The mineral carbonation processes sequester CO₂ in concrete materials, aqueous slurries, or aggregates without any additional carbon enrichment process. Contacting a CO₂-containing gas stream from a biomass combustion apparatus with concrete, aggregate, or alkaline solutions, causes a carbonation reaction in which carbonation products such as calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and alumina silica gel are formed. The carbonation reactions set forth herein are useful for strengthening concrete and concrete components. Certain processes herein condition the biomass-derived flue gas. The conditioning includes condensing the gas to remove acidic gas, and to remove particulates and water. The conditioning includes adjusting the temperature, relative humidity, and gas flow rate of the biomass-derived flue gas without any carbon capture step before entering the carbonation reactor. The permanent storage of CO₂ in concrete materials reduces carbon emissions from biomass combustion systems. The process does so, in certain embodiments, at low temperatures, ambient pressure, and even under dilute CO₂ concentrations in CO₂-containing flue gas streams. For example, the CO₂ concentration in a CO₂-containing flue gas stream from a biomass combustion system may be lower than 20 volume percent (vol %) and be used to produce low-carbon concrete materials.

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First Claim