A measurement method includes: a physical quantity acquisition step of acquiring, based on observation information obtained by at least one observation device that observes first to N-th observation points of a structure arranged along a second direction intersecting a first direction in which a moving object moves along the structure, physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points; and an action calculation step of calculating actions x₁ to x_N on the first to N-th observation points based on the acquired physical quantities at the first to N-th observation points, on the assumption that, when a function indicating a correlation between an action x_j on a j-th observation point and an action that the action x_j has on an i-th observation point is set as y_ij, an acquired physical quantity at the i-th observation point is equal to a sum of values of functions y_i1 to y_iN.

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